A Wells Notice bouquet?

bouquet.jpgWhen the Securities and Exchange Commission sends you a Wells Notice, that’s not usually considered a positive development. It means that the SEC Enforcement staff has decided that sufficient evidence and cause exists to file an enforcement lawsuit, usually seeking civil penalties, disgorgement of proceeds from stock sales and almost always bans from serving as an officer or director of a public company.
Under SEC guidelines, a target of a Wells Notice may respond directly to the SEC Commissioners by submitting what is know as a “Wells Submission,” but doing so is a dicey proposition. The Commissioners almost always defer to the Enforcement Division’s recommendation on whether to pursue an enforcement action, so filing a Wells Submission is essentially providing the Enforcement Division an outline of the target’s defense. Moreover, a Wells Submission is neither privileged nor confidential, so anything in the submission can be used against the target in further proceedings with the SEC or in related civil or criminal proceedings.
Thus, with that backdrop, get a load of the way in which Interpublic Group describes the receipt of a Wells Notice in a recent press release, as this footnoted.org post reports:

[J]udging by the press release that Interpublic Group (IPG) put out this morning, youíd think that getting a Wells notice from the SEC was something to celebrate. Indeed, the idea that responding is not voluntary is missing from the release. Instead, Interpublic describes it as an “invite” and calls it as another step in the settlement process.
The spin doesnít end there. The release goes on to quote Chairman and CEO Michael Roth, who notes that “Given our understanding of new procedures at the SEC, this development is not unanticipated and we believe that it moves us a step closer to resolution in this matter.”

Heck, based on this logic, an indictment related to the company’s activities would be cause for a big party.

The influence of junk evidence on juries

jury.jpegWhat do the juries in the Conrad Black , Dr. William Hurwitz and the Enron-related criminal trials have in common?
In response to the verdict in Lord Black’s trial, Professor Bainbridge observed that the result appeared to be a “compromise” verdict in which a portion of the jury did not believe Black was guilty of any of the thirteen charges against him but gave in to a guilty verdict on four of the counts just to get the damn thing over with.
Meanwhile, Professor Ribstein notes that this WaPo article reports that Dr. Hurwitz — a sacrificial lamb of America’s dubious drug prohibition policy — has been re-sentenced to a bit less than five years in prison as a result of his conviction on drug trafficking charges for prescribing pain relief medication for his chronic pain patients. In that connection, John Tierney explores the shameless prosecutorial tactic in the Hurwitz trial of offering shoddy evidence and testimony based on junk science to influence the jury against Hurwitz and the distraction that such charges caused for both the jury and the Hurwitz defense.
The prosecutorial misconduct that Tierney exposes in the Hurwitz trial also took place during the Black trial, where the prosecutors mischaracterized Black’s actions on the CanWest deal, on the Bora Bora trip, on his wife’s birthday party and much else, including now that Black is a flight risk and should be jailed immediately. The same prosecutorial tactics were also rampant throughout the Enron-related prosecutions, particularly the LaySkilling trial (see also here), the Nigerian Barge trial and the Enron Broadband trials.
In Lay-Skilling, the prosecution frequently elicited testimony about matters that it had either dropped from the case prior to trial or never charged in the first place; these bunny trail distractions became so common that the defense team began to characterize them as “drive-by shootings.” Heck, during the trial last year of former Enron Broadband executive Kevin Howard, the government argued to the jury that Howard’s knowledge of Enron Broadband’s mere breach of a joint venture agreement was evidence of a crime, despite the fact that the breach of contract was clearly in Enron Broadband’s financial interest and had been disclosed to and approved by Enron Broadband’s outside counsel.
Add in the fact that all of these white collar cases involve at least a dozen charges and months of testimony, and it’s easy to understand how jurors become overwhelmed by it all. The common juror reaction to such prosecutorial mudslinging — along with the real presumption in such cases — is “Gosh, the government is contending all this bad stuff against the defendant, he must have done at least something criminal.” Compromise verdicts are the natural result.
What can be done? Well, one thought is to give the judge more power to determine whether the case should ever go to trial in the first place. In civil cases, summary judgment procedure provides judges with this option, and often resolves the case before trial or dramaticaly limits the issues that are tried to the jury.
Probably because of the limited discovery that takes place in criminal cases, no analogous procedure has developed in criminal cases where a defendant could argue before trial that — based on a preview of the evidence and testimony that the prosecution and the defense would introduce at trial — the trial judge should dismiss the case because no reasonable jury would conclude that the government could fulfill its burden of proving each and every element of the alleged crime beyond a reasonable doubt. Nevertheless, given the current unlevel playing field in white collar criminal cases, perhaps such a pre-trial procedure would be one way to pre-empt the prosecutorial chloroforming of the juries that has become sadly common in white collar prosecutions since the demise of Enron.

The Bershad plea deal

Milberg%20Weiss_logo%20071207.gifAs expected, former Milberg Weiss partner David Bershad copped a plea deal this week in which he pled guilty to a single count of conspiracy out of the 20 count indictment that he, the law firm and former Milberg partner, Steven G. Schulman, are facing (prior posts here). Bershad also agreed to “give back” $7.75 million (not clear to whom), pay a $250,000 fine, and to cooperate with the governmentís continuing investigation of other Milberg Weiss partners (presumably Mel Weiss) and at least one of its former partners, Bill Lerach. The conspiracy charge carries a maximum penalty of five years in prison, although it is unclear if Bershad will serve any jail time. His sentencing hearing is scheduled for about a year from now, June 23, 2008.
The reaction to the plea deal lit up the blawgosphere. Peter Lattman and Ashby Jones over at the WSJ Law Blog have been following the developments in the case closely (see also here), as has Kevin LaCroix, Peter Henning, and Roger Parloff, among others. This WSJ ($) editorial essentially concludes that the Bershad plea deal means that the case against the firm and the other targets is already over and that we ought to throw away the prison key for the entire bunch.
Count me as not so sure. Given the unpopularity of Lerach and Milberg Weiss generally among a substantial portion of the defense bar and the business community, the WSJ’s rush to embrace the prosecution’s case is not particularly surprising. But as Larry Ribstein has pointed out on numerous occasions, there is an important policy issue here that is easy to overlook in the rush to judgment. Is it wise to allow the government to pay witnesses for testimony so that it can convict Milberg Weiss for paying folks to serve as their lead plaintiffs? Bershad may be as pristine as the driven snow, but the fact of the matter is that he has protested his innocence for years until now. What has changed? Absent a plea deal, Bershad is a 67 year-old attorney facing an effective life prison sentence in a trial before a jury that will likely be hostile toward lawyers in general and rich plaintiffs’ lawyers, in particular. Is it really any surprise that he took the deal? And is it prudent to ruin the careers of the other defendants and targets, and irreparably damage their lives and families, based on the testimony of an admitted liar?
No one is suggesting that Milberg Weiss should get away with paying kickbacks, if that is indeed what happened. But as noted in this earlier post, these payments have been common knowledge for a long time. No opposing party in any of the class actions from which the payments derived ever requested that the federal courts that approved the settlements from which the payments derived disgorge the payments and refer Milberg Weiss to criminal authorities for failing to disclose the payments. Why have these matters been criminalized before that process has occurred? Could it be that the other parties in the class actions didn’t think they had much of a case for disgorgement and referral? If so, what does that say about the criminal case?
Milberg Weiss and Lerach face an imposing enough burden in defending themselves against the overwhelming prosecutorial advantage of the government without the mainstream media deciding that they are guilty before the case is even teed up for trial. Even unpopular lawyers deserve a fair chance. At this point, I’m not sure that Lerach and Milberg Weiss are getting one.
Update: The WSJ’s Law Blog interviews Professor Ribstein on the hypocrisy of the case against Milberg.

If you can’t beat’em on the message boards, then buy’em!

john-mackey.jpgIn one of those “you just can’t predict everything that comes up in a government investigation” moments, this David Kesmodel and John R. Wilke/WSJ ($) article (free NY Times article here and free WSJ Deal Journal post here) reports that Whole Foods Markets CEO John Mackey has been a longtime pseudonymous contributor to a Yahoo stock-market forum on both Whole Foods and its proposed merger partner, Wild Oats Markets, Inc (prior posts here):

For about eight years until last August, the company confirms, Mr. Mackey posted numerous messages on Yahoo Finance stock forums as Rahodeb. It’s an anagram of Deborah, Mr. Mackey’s wife’s name. Rahodeb cheered Whole Foods’ financial results, trumpeted his gains on the stock and bashed Wild Oats. Rahodeb even defended Mr. Mackey’s haircut when another user poked fun at a photo in the annual report. “I like Mackey’s haircut,” Rahodeb said. “I think he looks cute!”
Mr. Mackey’s online alter ego came to light in a document made public late Tuesday by the Federal Trade Commission in its lawsuit seeking to block the Wild Oats takeover on antitrust grounds. Submitted under seal when the suit was filed in June, the filing included a quotation from the Yahoo site. An FTC footnote said, “As here, Mr. Mackey often posted to Internet sites pseudonymously, often using the name Rahodeb.”

Whole Foods is certainly a different type of place. Somehow, I just can’t envision Jack Welch or Hank Greenberg in their heyday trolling the internet message boards debating the relative merits of their companies. But beyond the public embarrassment to Mackey, the FTC achieves little by “outing” his message board persona. Has the FTC’s case against the Whole Foods-Wild Oats merger really devolved into a personality conflict?

Fiddling while the tofu burns

wholefoods070907.jpgIt all started with this Holman Jenkins/WSJ column in which he blasted the Federal Trade Commission’s vacuous campaign against the proposed Whole Foods-Wild Oats merger.
That prompted this WSJ letter-to-the-editor from Arnie Celnicker, a former attorney for the FTC and the Antitrust Division of the Justice Department, in which he contends, among other things, that the complexities of markets is such that “[t]he fact that I can now buy organic milk at Wal-Mart tells us something, but very little, about the realistic nature of competition between Whole Foods and Wal-Mart, or about the effect of Whole Foods’ acquisition of Wild Oats.”
Which prompted Don Boudreaux to throw up his hands in exasperation:

How in the name of free-range chicken do these facts justify government blocking this merger? Precisely because consumers now want more and more organic products, financial markets have every incentive to invest in firms catering to this growing market if these firms are well-managed. Wild Oats’ inability to get adequate private financing in this growing market is strong evidence that its assets now are poorly managed. It’s only natural that Whole Foods spots and seizes this opportunity to use these assets more effectively at meeting consumer demands. The FTC’s interference – an unwholesome additive to the market – jeopardizes consumer well-being.

Not to speak of the jeopardy in which the FTC’s interference places the investment of Wild Oats shareholders.

Legal investment banking on climate change

Susman.jpgThe Dallas Morning News’ Eric Torbenson examines a potential growth area for business plaintiffs’ lawyers and another burgeoning risk for business — lawsuits asserting responsibility for damagres caused by climate change. And guess who’s right in the middle of it? None other than Houston’s longtime business plaintiff’s lawyer, Steve Susman:

Steve Susman of Susman Godfrey in Houston has been a pioneer in such litigation. He led the charge this year to force TXU Energy into building fewer coal-fired plants in Texas than it had planned.
Now he’s among several lawyers talking with a group of Inuits in northern Canada who have seen an entire island sink under rising seas from global warming. The tribe is weighing its options, including suing carbon-emitting corporations such as power companies for heating the planet, he said.
“Melting glaciers isn’t going to get that much going, but wait until the first big ski area closes because it has no snow,” said Mr. Susman, who teaches a climate-change litigation course at the University of Houston Law School. “Or wait until portions of lower Manhattan and San Francisco are under water.”
Some lawyers are trying to tie the damage from Hurricane Katrina to global warming ñ and the energy companies who may have contributed to that warming.
Mr. Susman predicts large insurance companies, which have paid out billions of dollars in claims in the past two decades because of powerful hurricanes, eventually will become plaintiffs in broad greenhouse-effect litigation against energy companies. [. . .]
“You’re going to see some really serious exposure on the part of companies that are emitting CO-2,” Mr. Susman predicted. “I can’t say for sure it’s going to be as big as the tobacco settlements, but then again it may even be bigger. . .”

Oh, my.

Nimmer on over-regulation of e-commerce

Ray%20Nimmer070607.jpgRay Nimmer, the Dean and Leonard Childs Professor of Law at the University of Houston Law Center, is one of Houston’s foremost legal thinkers and an internationally recognized expert in legal issues relating to e-commerce. Ray’s academic and administrative duties do not leave him much time to blog, but when he does, it’s always worth reading. His latest post is on the risk of over-regulating e-commerce:

In our world, significant change seldom flows smoothly. While many embrace change, others resist it. Some of the resistance is due to what Lewellyn explained years ago: ìYou wake up then to the fact that the throne your subject matter once occupied is overshadowedî; that is a fearful situation for many. The costs imposed on commerce by reaction to that fear are extravagant and harmful.
In my view, rather than protecting the status quo, the role of law generally should be to establish a responsive body of rules that support change and that limit regulation to cases where actual clear abuse otherwise exists. This has been the tradition of U.S. commercial law. But it has not consistently been the way in which law related to electronic commercial transactions has evolved. Instead, we have seen an explosion of new law, often regulatory in nature, . . . Too often, political arguments and interest group politics weigh in toward the view that the proper role of law is to regulate commerce, rather than to support it. Much of this lies simply in a grab for position enforced through law, rather than in the marketplace. . .
But when a regulatory approach is taken in a period of rapid social change, the result is an enormous expansion of new law and we pay a huge price for this. Its short-term effect lies in the creation of an often-bewildering array of new rules and regulations with which commercial entities must deal, and which seldom reflect sound or considered legal or social policy.

Read the entire post.

But what about the price of the smoked gouda?

wholefoods062207.jpgBest crack yet on the Federal Trade Commission’s remarkably misdirected lawsuit to enjoin the proposed Whole Foods-Wild Oats Markets merger comes from Mr. Juggles over at Long and Short Capital. Commenting on the FTC’s novel theory that the merger will reduce competition in the market catering to those of us who seek a “superior grocery store experience,” tongue firmly planted in cheek, Mr. Juggles observes as follows:

Frankly, I agree [with the FTC’s theory]. I spent 20 minutes waiting in the deli line at Food Lion last week, only to be sold ground beef that looked like it had been dropped on the floor and then put back in the deli case. I love superior quality and superior service and abhor the idea that Whole Foods could acquire the only other superior provider, Wild Oats. At that point, given their monopoly on quality service, what would happen next? Iíll tell you what: weíd probably all end up paying a huge premium for our smoked gouda and wild Alaskan salmon.

Trouble in Lake Wobegon

bicyclist61153.jpgGarrison Keillor didn’t much like the way in which some “burly” security men behaved during his trip to Texas last year, but this post indicates that security matters can get a bit out of hand even in such progressive outposts as Keillor’s beloved Minneapolis. A couple of Minneapolis’ finest apparently decided to arrest, rough up and Taser a citizen who had the audacity to attempt to ride home from the local airport on his bicycle. The bicyclist ended up spending 24 hours in jail before being released on a $2,000 bond. A trial, in which the bicyclist is apparently representing himself, is scheduled for mid-July. Stay tuned.

Perverting justice in predator hunting

perverted%20justice2.gifEarlier posts here, here and here addressed NBC’s To Catch a Predator series in which a television crew cooperates with police and a vigilante justice group to create child predator crimes. Then, the television crew follows the police as they apprehend the suspects, which NBC then broadcasts for all to see in a sort of modern witch hunt. On Tuesday night, a local Dallas news program aired the report below about how the show operates, including the tragic case of Louis Conradt, Jr. It does not paint a pretty picture: