The Last Four Minutes of Air France Flight 447

Airbus_3 I’ve been meaning to pass along for awhile  this superb Gearld Traufette/Spiegel Online article on the continuing investigation into last summer’s horrific crash of Air France 447 into the Atlantic Ocean (earlier post here).

Although the black box still has not been recovered (and quite likely won’t be), investigators are becoming more confident that they understand what happened, including the following interesting theory:

According to this scenario, the pilots would have been forced to watch helplessly as their plane lost its lift. That theory is supported by the fact that the airplane remained intact to the very end. Given all the turbulence, it is therefore possible that the passengers remained oblivious to what was happening. After all, the oxygen masks that have been recovered had not dropped down from the ceiling because of a loss of pressure. What’s more, the stewardesses weren’t sitting on their emergency seats, and the lifejackets remained untouched. "There is no evidence whatsoever that the passengers in the cabin had been prepared for an emergency landing," says BEA boss Jean-Paul Troadec.

Read the entire article, including this informative graphic.

David Agus on the state of cancer research

University of Southern California University professor David Agus provides a particularly lucid 24-minute lecture for the TED conference on the state of cancer research.

Ditching in the Hudson River

This is a pretty darn impressive computer reconstruction of US Airways 1549’s emergency landing in the Hudson River earlier this year.

The Hubble Ultra Deep Field

I watched this video enlarged on my 27-inch HD monitor. It is incredible. Enjoy.

Is there a problem with the Airbus 330?

Airbus When I travel to Europe, I normally fly on Air France, which is one of my favorite airlines. Professional, orderly, reasonably comfortable and clean. It’s amazing how few airlines combine those characteristics these days. 

Air France’s fleet includes a large number of Airbus 330 aircraft, which is the aircraft that crashed into the Atlantic Ocean last month on Air France’s Flight 447 from Rio de Janeiro to Paris. So, given my preference for Air France, I’ve been following the development of information on that crash with particular interest.

James Fallows, who is a long-time aviator, follows most aircraft crashes closely, and he has provided much-needed information and insight in his posts on Flight 447 here, here, here and here. Initial speculation on the cause of the crash revolved around multiple system failures occurring during an unusually violent storm.

But now, questions are beginning to emerge as to whether there is a fundamental problem with the design of the Airbus 330. This lengthy David Rose/Mail Online article surveys the evidence that suggests a problem. Here is a list of the recent troubled flights of the Airbus 330 model:

August 2008 – Air Caraibes Atlantique – Paris to Martinique: Plane flying through turbulence experiences failure of autopilot, ADIRU and computerized instruments. Pilots successfully fight to restore control.

September 2008 – Air Caraibes Atlantique – Paris to Martinique: Second Air Caraibes flight to Martinique has identical experience. Plane is same model, different aircraft.

October 7, 2008 – Qantas Flight 72 – Singapore to Perth: Makes emergency landing after twice plunging uncontrollably in flight following failure of ADIRU, autopilot and instruments. 64 injured, 14 seriously.

December 28, 2008 – Qantas Flight 71 – Perth to Singapore: Forced to return to base after failure of autopilot and ADIRU.  Different aircraft, same model as in previous incident.

May 21, 2009 – TAM Flight 8901 – Miami to Sao Paulo: Experiences failure of autopilot, ADIRU and instruments. Crew regain control after five minutes. No injuries. US investigation under way.

June 1, 2009 – Air France Flight 447 – Rio to Paris: Crashes during Atlantic storm, killing 228. Automatic radio messages indicate that in minutes before crash, crew lost autopilot, ADIRU and computerized instruments.

June 23, 2009 – Northwest Airlines – Hong Kong to Tokyo: Flight loses autopilot, ADIRU and instruments before landing safely.  US investigation under way.

Rose goes on to report:

Interviews with pilots, lawyers and crash investigators suggest there may be an underlying problem with A330s. It’s impossible to conclude what this is, but there are two prime suspects – either flaws in the software, or with the wiring found inside huge numbers of modern aircraft.

‘It looks to me like there’s only one reason why AF447 crashed and QF72 survived,’ says Charles-Henri Tardivat, a former crash investigator who’s now part of a team from the London law firm Stewarts Law, which represents the victims’ families. ‘On QF72, the same things started happening that preceded the Air France crash. They were able to recover control because they were flying in daylight and perfect weather. They could see what was happening, even without their instruments. But AF447 was caught in a violent storm at night. The A330 is a very well-built aircraft, but there obviously is a problem somewhere. With so many of them out there, we need to find it.’

Blogging NASA

wayne_hale_pressbriefing.sized One of my favorite new blogs is Wayne Hale’s blog in which he discusses working at NASA generally and on the Space Shuttle program specifically. Despite being a political football from time-to-time, NASA remains a fascinating place.

Every one of Hale’s blog posts is interesting, and most of them are downright capitvating. His most recent post — "Don’t Call Him Willy Any More" — is representative:

Back when the world was much younger than it is now, I was a young shuttle flight controller working in the MCC on several early flights.  We were all learning about the shuttle in those days, and one fellow I knew actually saved the shuttle because he knew what to do when the unexpected happened. [.  .  .]

Willy was an up and coming Captain in the USAF and made a great GNC.  He knew the guidance, navigation, and flight control systems forwards and backwards.  We worked together a lot in those days since the PROP console (mine) was responsible for the attitude control thrusters, their plumbing, etc., while the GNC console was responsible for the Auto Pilot that called on those thrusters to maintain attitude.  Even in those days, Willy demonstrated what military men call "command presence".

But almost as important, Willy could do the most devastatingly funny imitation of our legendary boss, Gene Kranz.  Willy had the mannerisms down exactly right, could put the gruff intonation into the right pitch, and deliver a comedy routine that had all of us in the trench in stitches.  Always during LOS or debrief between sim runs, of course.  Never during the training runs, and especially not during a real flight. Hmm. [.  .  .]

After the shuttle main engines cut off and the External Tank is jettisoned, there is still a lot of the main propulsion system propellant — liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen – trapped in the large pipes in the orbiter aft compartment.  .  .  . Not really a safety issue, but a nuisance and something that could cause interruptions later on.

The booster guys came up with a dandy plan to get rid of these propellants faster.   .  .   . those actions would cause a more thorough dump and eliminate the pesky vacuum inerting procedures that interrupted later activities.

So we tried it.  Worked great in the simulator.  Hmm.  In flight, . . . .well . ..

Ascent is always a tense time.  Willy, I, and all the other flight controllers were glued to the data.  Everything went nominally all through mainstage.  No systems issues.  MECO, ET sep, dump start, OOOPS!

The increased propellant dump flow out the side of the orbiter caused it to bank sharply — the wing headed for the jettisoned but not distant ET.  Willy, calm as could be, relayed the instructions to the crew to regain attitude control.  The wing missed the tank, by how much I don’t know, but not by much.

It was all over in just a couple of minutes.  We took a deep breath and got about the business of flying the orbiter in space.

After Challenger, all the USAF "detailees" were pulled out of flight control.  I haven’t seen Willy in probably two decades until I ran into him recently.  He has done well in his USAF career, has stars on his epaulets now.  I wouldn’t recommend you call him Willy these days.

But then, I haven’t called him that since the day he saved the shuttle.

And I bet you didn’t even know.

Deep Impact Video

Check out NASA’s Deep Impact spacecraft’s video of the Moon transiting the Earth from 31 million miles away!

CNET visits the JSC

lunar rover CNET’s Road Trip 2008 blog visits the Johnson Space Center in the Clear Lake area of Houston (photos here). The article and accompanying photos are a good primer for the always interesting visit to the JSC.

Flying high

24jump.600 Check out what Michel Fournier is doing for fun today.